DPU MUN 2019

UNSC

Tasked with the responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, the security council has been integral organ of the United Nations since its establishment in 1945. In spite of been the most significant body for international peace and security, it has undergone desirable changes with respect to the changing world order over the seventy years of formation.

UN Security Council reform has been deemed necessary for decades. The proposed Two-Layered Regional model seeks to eliminate the many flaws of the current system. UNSC reform is imperative as:

• As more number of nations been decolonized, there are sharp contrast between the number of seats and the total number of member states.
• Reform is needed to remove the “Democracy Deficit”.
• It has failed tackle the recent crisis of Syria, Gaza and Ukraine.
• Need to make it efficient, effective, credible and legitimate body

UNDP

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network. It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life for themselves. It provides expert advice, training and grants support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries. It promotes technical and investment cooperation among nations.It works internationally to help countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). UNDP was one of the main UN agencies involved in the development of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. To accomplish the SDGs and encourage global development, UNDP council will focus on anticipating constructive provisions to square up to natural calamities and preventing perpetual fallout. Climate change, weak governance, and an increasing concentration of people and assets in areas exposed to natural hazards are driving disaster risk upwards, especially in poor and fragile countries. This poses a critical threat to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).UNDP’s disaster risk reduction efforts aim to riskinform development in line with the goals and targets of the SDGS and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Specifically, UNDP works with country partners to strengthen national and subnational policy, legal and institutional systems; foster greater coherence of disaster risk reduction andclimate adaptation efforts; provide access to risk information and early warning systems; and strengthen preparedness and response measures. Together, these efforts strengthen the resilience of countries and urban and rural communities.

UNHRC

The United Nations Human Rights Council is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world. The UNHRC investigates allegations of breaches of human rights in UN member states, and addresses important thematic human rights issues such as freedom of association and assembly, freedom of expression, freedom of belief and religion, women's rights, LGBT rights, and the rights of racial and ethnic minorities.

Globally, sex worker's organizations are working with the police and the community to reduce violence against sex workers, and to establish health and social services for themselves and their families. UNHRC council will focus on the agenda of protection of rights of sex workers and their rehabilitation with emphasis on trafficking. There is growing evidence of the importance of addressing the structural and legal barriers that affect sex workers. Ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat would require translating this evidence into practice, including by ensuring that governments and all stakeholders prioritize and intensify efforts to protect the human rights of sex workers and to increase their access to HIV prevention and treatment services.

RAJYASABHA

The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. In the Indian quasi federal structure, Rajya Sabha is a representative of the states in the union legislature. For this reason, the Rajya Sabha has powers that protect the right of States against the union. The Rajya Sabha, by a two-thirds supermajority can pass a resolution empowering the Government of India to create more All-India Services common to both Union and States, including a judicial service and an escort services.

Article 370 of the Indian constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir— a region located in the northern part of Indian subcontinent which was administered by India as a state. This article, along with Article 35A, defined that the Jammu and Kashmir state's residents live under a separate set of laws, including those related to citizenship, ownership of property, and fundamental rights, as compared to residents of other Indian states. As a result of this provision, Indian citizens from other states could not purchase land or property in Jammu & Kashmir. As no outsider can settle in the state and own any property there, the politically well-connected people stand to gain enormously. It is these influential people who make the rules, decide the price and determine the buyer, since any competition from an outsider is completely ruled out. as no culture can survive without the stimulus of outside contact and opportunity to cross-fertilise. It was this mind-set that has been responsible for creating the violent communal upsurge of 1989, which finally led to the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits. Whereas, Article 370 provides all the political, economic and cultural and other safeguards to Kashmiris, the same provision is misused of by Kashmiris to deny the same safeguards to people of other regions of the state. As a result of this provision, Indian citizens from other states could not purchase land or property in Jammu and Kashmir. On 5 August. 2019, President RamNath Kovind issued a constitutional order superseding the 1954 order, and making all the provisions of the Indian constitution applicable to Jammu and Kashmir based on the resolutions passed in both houses of the parliament, with 2/3 majority. Following the resolutions passed in both houses of the parliament, he issued a further order on 6th August declaring all the clauses of Article 370 except clause 1 to be inoperative.

In addition, the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed by the parliament, enacting the division of the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories to be called Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Union Territory of Ladakh. The Reorganisation took place on 31st October 2019. The conference of 2019 would be precisely empathised on the revocation of the Article 370.